faq
rsync
目录
[toc]
参数
rsync 可用选项?
rsync是一个功能强大的文件同步工具,它提供了多种选项来满足不同的需求。以下是一些常用的rsync选项:
-
-v, --verbose
:显示详细输出,让您了解文件同步的进度和操作。 -
-a, --archive
:归档模式,用于保持文件的属性、权限、时间戳等。 -
-r, --recursive
:递归复制目录及其内容。 -
-z, --compress
:在传输过程中压缩数据,减少网络 带宽的使用。 -
-P, --progress
:显示文件传输的进度条和实时速度。 -
-u, --update
:只复制源中更新或新增的文件到目标目录。 (这个就是所谓的增量更新吗?) -
--delete
:删除目标目录中不在源中存在的文件和目录。 -
--exclude
:排除指定的文件、目录或模式,不进行同步。 -
--include
:包含指定的文件、目录或模式,即使使用了--exclude
。 -
--exclude-from
:从指定的文件中读取排除模式。 -
--include-from
:从指定的文件中读取包含模式。 -
-n, --dry-run
:模拟运行,显示将要执行的操作但不进行实际的文件同步。 -
-h, --human-readable
output numbers in a human-readable format #就是你啦 --progress show progress during transfer
[root@mkdocs-server rsync]# rsync --help
rsync version 3.1.2 protocol version 31
Copyright (C) 1996-2015 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others.
Web site: http://rsync.samba.org/
Capabilities:
64-bit files, 64-bit inums, 64-bit timestamps, 64-bit long ints,
socketpairs, hardlinks, symlinks, IPv6, batchfiles, inplace,
append, ACLs, xattrs, iconv, symtimes, prealloc
rsync comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you
are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. See the GNU
General Public Licence for details.
rsync is a file transfer program capable of efficient remote update
via a fast differencing algorithm.
Usage: rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST:DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST::DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST]
or rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST]
or rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
The ':' usages connect via remote shell, while '::' & 'rsync://' usages connect
to an rsync daemon, and require SRC or DEST to start with a module name.
Options
-v, --verbose increase verbosity
--info=FLAGS fine-grained informational verbosity
--debug=FLAGS fine-grained debug verbosity
--msgs2stderr special output handling for debugging
-q, --quiet suppress non-error messages
--no-motd suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see manpage caveat)
-c, --checksum skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
-a, --archive archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
--no-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)
-r, --recursive recurse into directories
-R, --relative use relative path names
--no-implied-dirs don't send implied dirs with --relative
-b, --backup make backups (see --suffix & --backup-dir)
--backup-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
--suffix=SUFFIX set backup suffix (default ~ w/o --backup-dir)
-u, --update skip files that are newer on the receiver
--inplace update destination files in-place (SEE MAN PAGE)
--append append data onto shorter files
--append-verify like --append, but with old data in file checksum
-d, --dirs transfer directories without recursing
-l, --links copy symlinks as symlinks
-L, --copy-links transform symlink into referent file/dir
--copy-unsafe-links only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed
--safe-links ignore symlinks that point outside the source tree
--munge-links munge symlinks to make them safer (but unusable)
-k, --copy-dirlinks transform symlink to a dir into referent dir
-K, --keep-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
-H, --hard-links preserve hard links
-p, --perms preserve permissions
-E, --executability preserve the file's executability
--chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions
-A, --acls preserve ACLs (implies --perms)
-X, --xattrs preserve extended attributes
-o, --owner preserve owner (super-user only)
-g, --group preserve group
--devices preserve device files (super-user only)
--copy-devices copy device contents as regular file
--specials preserve special files
-D same as --devices --specials
-t, --times preserve modification times
-O, --omit-dir-times omit directories from --times
-J, --omit-link-times omit symlinks from --times
--super receiver attempts super-user activities
--fake-super store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
-S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently
--preallocate allocate dest files before writing them
-n, --dry-run perform a trial run with no changes made
-W, --whole-file copy files whole (without delta-xfer algorithm)
-x, --one-file-system don't cross filesystem boundaries
-B, --block-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block-size
-e, --rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
--rsync-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on the remote machine
--existing skip creating new files on receiver
--ignore-existing skip updating files that already exist on receiver
--remove-source-files sender removes synchronized files (non-dirs)
--del an alias for --delete-during
--delete delete extraneous files from destination dirs
--delete-before receiver deletes before transfer, not during
--delete-during receiver deletes during the transfer
--delete-delay find deletions during, delete after
--delete-after receiver deletes after transfer, not during
--delete-excluded also delete excluded files from destination dirs
--ignore-missing-args ignore missing source args without error
--delete-missing-args delete missing source args from destination
--ignore-errors delete even if there are I/O errors
--force force deletion of directories even if not empty
--max-delete=NUM don't delete more than NUM files
--max-size=SIZE don't transfer any file larger than SIZE
--min-size=SIZE don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE
--partial keep partially transferred files
--partial-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
--delay-updates put all updated files into place at transfer's end
-m, --prune-empty-dirs prune empty directory chains from the file-list
--numeric-ids don't map uid/gid values by user/group name
--usermap=STRING custom username mapping
--groupmap=STRING custom groupname mapping
--chown=USER:GROUP simple username/groupname mapping
--timeout=SECONDS set I/O timeout in seconds
--contimeout=SECONDS set daemon connection timeout in seconds
-I, --ignore-times don't skip files that match in size and mod-time
-M, --remote-option=OPTION send OPTION to the remote side only
--size-only skip files that match in size
--modify-window=NUM compare mod-times with reduced accuracy
-T, --temp-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR
-y, --fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file
--compare-dest=DIR also compare destination files relative to DIR
--copy-dest=DIR ... and include copies of unchanged files
--link-dest=DIR hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged
-z, --compress compress file data during the transfer
--compress-level=NUM explicitly set compression level
--skip-compress=LIST skip compressing files with a suffix in LIST
-C, --cvs-exclude auto-ignore files the same way CVS does
-f, --filter=RULE add a file-filtering RULE
-F same as --filter='dir-merge /.rsync-filter'
repeated: --filter='- .rsync-filter'
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
--exclude-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
--include=PATTERN don't exclude files matching PATTERN
--include-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE
--files-from=FILE read list of source-file names from FILE
-0, --from0 all *-from/filter files are delimited by 0s
-s, --protect-args no space-splitting; only wildcard special-chars
--address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
--port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number
--sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
--blocking-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell
--stats give some file-transfer stats
-8, --8-bit-output leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
-h, --human-readable output numbers in a human-readable format #就是你啦
--progress show progress during transfer
-P same as --partial --progress
-i, --itemize-changes output a change-summary for all updates
--out-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
--log-file=FILE log what we're doing to the specified FILE
--log-file-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
--password-file=FILE read daemon-access password from FILE
--list-only list the files instead of copying them
--bwlimit=RATE limit socket I/O bandwidth
--outbuf=N|L|B set output buffering to None, Line, or Block
--write-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
--only-write-batch=FILE like --write-batch but w/o updating destination
--read-batch=FILE read a batched update from FILE
--protocol=NUM force an older protocol version to be used
--iconv=CONVERT_SPEC request charset conversion of filenames
--checksum-seed=NUM set block/file checksum seed (advanced)
-4, --ipv4 prefer IPv4
-6, --ipv6 prefer IPv6
--version print version number
(-h) --help show this help (-h is --help only if used alone)
Use "rsync --daemon --help" to see the daemon-mode command-line options.
Please see the rsync(1) and rsyncd.conf(5) man pages for full documentation.
See http://rsync.samba.org/ for updates, bug reports, and answers
[root@mkdocs-server rsync]#
案例:rsync如何同步2个目录的内容
要使用rsync
同步两个目录的内容,你可以使用以下命令格式:
rsync -av source_dir/ destination_dir/
其中,source_dir
是源目录的路径,destination_dir
是目标目录的路径。这个命令会将源目录下的所有文件和子目录同步到目标目录。
选项说明:
-a
:表示以归档模式进行同步,保持文件的属性、权限以及其他元数据。-v
:表示显示同步过程中的详细输出。
请注意,在目标目录中不存在的文件和目录将被拷贝到目标目录中。如果目标目录中已经存在相同的文件/目录,rsync
将根据更新的时间戳和文件内容来决定是否需要覆盖目标目录中的文件。
以下是一个示例:
rsync -av /path/to/source_dir/ /path/to/destination_dir/
请将/path/to/source_dir/
替换为实际的源目录路径,将/path/to/destination_dir/
替换为实际的目标目录路径。
希望这可以帮助到你!如果有任何其他问题,请随时提问。
案例:linux里rsync里允许所有主机该如何配置
==(已解决)==
要允许所有主机在Linux里使用Rsync,你可以按照以下步骤进行配置:
- 打开Rsync配置文件,一般位于
/etc/rsyncd.conf
。 - 在配置文件中添加以下内容:
uid = <username>
gid = <groupname>
use chroot = yes
max connections = 4
syslog facility = local5
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
[share]
path = /path/to/share
comment = Rsync Share
read only = no
list = yes
hosts allow = * #这里改为 * 即可。
<username>
是具有访问共享目录权限的用户名。<groupname>
是该用户所属的权限组。/path/to/share
是要共享的目录路径。
- 保存配置文件并关闭。
- 重启Rsync服务,使用以下命令:
sudo service rsync restart
现在,所有主机都可以通过Rsync访问共享目录。请注意,开放给所有主机的访问权限可能存 在安全风险,因此在生产环境中建议限制访问权限。这只是一个基本的配置示例,可以根据你的需求进行调整。
案例:--exclude参数
来实现拷贝时排除特定目录或文件
gpt提问:
但是,你可以使用rsync
命令来实现拷贝时排除特定目录或文件。rsync
是一个功能强大的文件同步工具,可以用于复制、备份和同步文件。
你可以使用以下命令来实现排除特定目录和文件的拷贝:
rsync -av --exclude='.git' --exclude='node_modules' --exclude='README.md' /d/hexo/ /d/hexo-tmp/
上述命令将会拷贝/d/hexo/
目录下除.git
目录、node_modules
目录和README.md
文件之外的所有内容到/d/hexo-tmp/
目录下。
希望这次可以帮到你。如果还有其他问题,请随时提问。
案例:rsync服务器端要同步多个客户端,配置该怎么写?-2023.11.19
==(已解决)==
gpt
rsync服务器端要同步多个客户端,配置该怎么写?
在配置 一个rsync服务器,以便同步多个客户端的情况下,你可以使用rsync的配置文件(rsyncd.conf)来定义共享模块(modules)和访问规则。以下是一个简单的配置示例:
-
安装rsync:
确保你的服务器上已经安装了rsync。如果没有,可以使用包管理器进行安装。例如,在Ubuntu上可以使用以下命令:
bashsudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rsync -
创建rsyncd.conf文件: