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实战-centos7上containerd的安装-v1.5.5-2021.10.23-测试成功

实战:centos7上containerd的安装(测试成功)-2021.10.23

💘 实践:centos7上containerd的安装(成功测试)-2021.10.23

实验环境

实验环境:
1、win10笔记本
2、1台centos7.6虚机(vmwrokstation虚机)
cri-containerd-cni-1.5.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz

实验软件

链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1pfn6G9GOnpTG7AE1NIDF_Q 提取码:h34l --来自百度网盘超级会员V6的分享

cri-containerd-cni-1.5.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz

image-20230909225758636

1、安装libseccomp依赖包

这里我使用的系统是 CentOS 7.6,首先需要安装 libseccomp 依赖:

#先查看系统有没有libseccomp软件包,没的话就安装,一般需要安装
[root@containerd ~]#rpm -qa |grep libseccomp
[root@containerd ~]#

#我们先来看一下libseccomp依赖版属于哪个软件包
[root@containerd ~]#yum search libseccomp -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
================================================= N/S matched: libseccomp ==================================================
libseccomp-devel.i686 : Development files used to build applications with libseccomp support
libseccomp-devel.x86_64 : Development files used to build applications with libseccomp support
libseccomp.i686 : Enhanced seccomp library
libseccomp.x86_64 : Enhanced seccomp library

Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@containerd ~]#

#yum安装libseccomp依赖包
[root@containerd ~]#yum install libseccomp -y

#验证是否安装
[root@containerd ~]#rpm -qa |grep libseccomp
libseccomp-2.3.1-4.el7.x86_64
[root@containerd ~]#

2、下载containerd软件包并解压

由于 containerd 需要调用 runc,所以我们也需要先安装 runc,不过 containerd 提供了一个包含相关依赖的压缩包 cri-containerd-cni-${VERSION}.${OS}-${ARCH}.tar.gz,可以直接使用这个包来进行安装。首先从 release 页面下载最新版本的压缩包,当前为 1.5.5 版本(注意:最新的1.5.7版本在CentOS7下面执行 runc 会报错:

issue

https://github.com/containerd/containerd

[root@containerd ~]#wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.5.5/cri-containerd-cni-1.5.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 如果有限制,也可以替换成下面的 URL 加速下载
wget https://download.fastgit.org/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.5.5/cri-containerd-cni-1.5.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz

加速下载还是挺快的:

可以通过 tar 的 -t 选项直接看到压缩包中包含哪些文件:

[root@containerd ~]#tar -tf cri-containerd-cni-1.5.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
etc/
etc/crictl.yaml
etc/cni/
etc/cni/net.d/
etc/cni/net.d/10-containerd-net.conflist
etc/systemd/
etc/systemd/system/
etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
usr/
usr/local/
usr/local/sbin/
usr/local/sbin/runc
usr/local/bin/
usr/local/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v1
usr/local/bin/critest
usr/local/bin/ctr
usr/local/bin/containerd-shim
usr/local/bin/crictl
usr/local/bin/containerd
usr/local/bin/ctd-decoder
usr/local/bin/containerd-stress
usr/local/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2
opt/
opt/cni/
opt/cni/bin/
opt/cni/bin/firewall
opt/cni/bin/macvlan
opt/cni/bin/vrf
opt/cni/bin/ipvlan
opt/cni/bin/dhcp
opt/cni/bin/flannel
opt/cni/bin/bandwidth
opt/cni/bin/portmap
opt/cni/bin/ptp
opt/cni/bin/host-local
opt/cni/bin/sbr
opt/cni/bin/loopback
opt/cni/bin/static
opt/cni/bin/host-device
opt/cni/bin/tuning
opt/cni/bin/bridge
opt/cni/bin/vlan
opt/containerd/
opt/containerd/cluster/
opt/containerd/cluster/gce/
opt/containerd/cluster/gce/env
opt/containerd/cluster/gce/configure.sh
opt/containerd/cluster/gce/cloud-init/
opt/containerd/cluster/gce/cloud-init/master.yaml
opt/containerd/cluster/gce/cloud-init/node.yaml
opt/containerd/cluster/gce/cni.template
opt/containerd/cluster/version
[root@containerd ~]#

直接将压缩包解压到系统的各个目录中:

[root@containerd ~]#tar -C / -xzf cri-containerd-cni-1.5.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz

当然要记得将 /usr/local/bin/usr/local/sbin 追加到 ~/.bashrc 文件的 PATH 环境变量中:

[root@containerd ~]#vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin #添加这行

然后执行下面的命令使其立即生效:

[root@containerd ~]#source ~/.bashrc

注意:centos7默认的PAH就已经包含了 /usr/local/bin/usr/local/sbin 路径,但老师这里还是手动添加了这2个路径,我这里就继续添加下吧。

3、生成containerd 的默认配置文件config.toml

containerd 的默认配置文件为 /etc/containerd/config.toml,我们可以通过如下所示的命令生成一个默认的配置:

[root@containerd ~]#mkdir -p /etc/containerd
[root@containerd ~]#containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

由于上面我们下载的 containerd 压缩包中包含一个 etc/systemd/system/containerd.service 的文件,这样我们就可以通过 systemd 来配置 containerd 作为守护进程运行了,内容如下所示:

[root@containerd ~]#ll /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 116 1270 Jul 30 01:12 /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
[root@containerd ~]#cat !$
cat /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
# Copyright The containerd Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

[Unit]
Description=containerd container runtime
Documentation=https://containerd.io
After=network.target local-fs.target

[Service]
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe overlay
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/containerd

Type=notify
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
LimitNOFILE=infinity
# Comment TasksMax if your systemd version does not supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
TasksMax=infinity
OOMScoreAdjust=-999

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@containerd ~]#

这里有两个重要的参数:

  • Delegate: 这个选项允许 containerd 以及运行时自己管理自己创建容器的 cgroups。如果不设置这个选项,systemd 就会将进程移到自己的 cgroups 中,从而导致 containerd 无法正确获取容器的资源使用情况。
  • KillMode: 这个选项用来处理 containerd 进程被杀死的方式。**默认情况下,systemd 会在进程的 cgroup 中查找并杀死 containerd 的所有子进程。**KillMode 字段可以设置的值如下。
    • control-group(默认值):当前控制组里面的所有子进程,都会被杀掉
    • process:只杀主进程
    • mixed:主进程将收到 SIGTERM 信号,子进程收到 SIGKILL 信号
    • none:没有进程会被杀掉,只是执行服务的 stop 命令

我们需要将 KillMode 的值设置为 process,这样可以确保升级或重启 containerd 时不杀死现有的容器

注意:这里自己对这个KillMode参数的说明比较模糊,后期注意下。

4、追加1:配置镜像加速器地址

我们首先来查看下上面默认生成的配置文件 /etc/containerd/config.toml

[root@containerd ~]#cat /etc/containerd/config.toml
disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
version = 2

[cgroup]
path = ""

[debug]
address = ""
format = ""
gid = 0
level = ""
uid = 0

[grpc]
address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
gid = 0
max_recv_message_size = 16777216
max_send_message_size = 16777216
tcp_address = ""
tcp_tls_cert = ""
tcp_tls_key = ""
uid = 0

[metrics]
address = ""
grpc_histogram = false

[plugins]

[plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
deletion_threshold = 0
mutation_threshold = 100
pause_threshold = 0.02
schedule_delay = "0s"
startup_delay = "100ms"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
disable_apparmor = false
disable_cgroup = false
disable_hugetlb_controller = true
disable_proc_mount = false
disable_tcp_service = true
enable_selinux = false
enable_tls_streaming = false
ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
max_concurrent_downloads = 3
max_container_log_line_size = 16384
netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
restrict_oom_score_adj = false
sandbox_image = "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.5"
selinux_category_range = 1024
stats_collect_period = 10
stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
stream_server_port = "0"
systemd_cgroup = false
tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
unset_seccomp_profile = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
conf_template = ""
max_conf_num = 1

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
default_runtime_name = "runc"
disable_snapshot_annotations = true
discard_unpacked_layers = false
no_pivot = false
snapshotter = "overlayfs"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
base_runtime_spec = ""
container_annotations = []
pod_annotations = []
privileged_without_host_devices = false
runtime_engine = ""
runtime_root = ""
runtime_type = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
base_runtime_spec = ""
container_annotations = []
pod_annotations = []
privileged_without_host_devices = false
runtime_engine = ""
runtime_root = ""
runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
BinaryName = ""
CriuImagePath = ""
CriuPath = ""
CriuWorkPath = ""
IoGid = 0
IoUid = 0
NoNewKeyring = false
NoPivotRoot = false
Root = ""
ShimCgroup = ""
SystemdCgroup = false

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
base_runtime_spec = ""
container_annotations = []
pod_annotations = []
privileged_without_host_devices = false
runtime_engine = ""
runtime_root = ""
runtime_type = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
key_model = "node"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
config_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
tls_cert_file = ""
tls_key_file = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
path = "/opt/containerd"

[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
interval = "10s"

[plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
content_sharing_policy = "shared"

[plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
no_prometheus = false

[plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
no_shim = false
runtime = "runc"
runtime_root = ""
shim = "containerd-shim"
shim_debug = false

[plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
platforms = ["linux/amd64"]

[plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
default = ["walking"]

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
root_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
root_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
async_remove = false
base_image_size = ""
pool_name = ""
root_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
root_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
root_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
root_path = ""

[proxy_plugins]

[stream_processors]

[stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
path = "ctd-decoder"
returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"

[stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
path = "ctd-decoder"
returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"

[timeouts]
"io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
"io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
"io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
"io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"

[ttrpc]
address = ""
gid = 0
uid = 0
[root@containerd ~]#

这个配置文件比较复杂,我们可以将重点放在其中的 plugins 配置上面,仔细观察我们可以发现每一个顶级配置块的命名都是 plugins."io.containerd.xxx.vx.xxx" 这种形式,每一个顶级配置块都表示一个插件,其中 io.containerd.xxx.vx 表示插件的类型,vx 后面的 xxx 表示插件的 ID,我们可以通过 ctr 查看插件列表:

[root@containerd ~]#ctr plugin ls
TYPE ID PLATFORMS STATUS
io.containerd.content.v1 content - ok
io.containerd.snapshotter.v1 aufs linux/amd64 skip
io.containerd.snapshotter.v1 btrfs linux/amd64 skip
io.containerd.snapshotter.v1 devmapper linux/amd64 error
io.containerd.snapshotter.v1 native linux/amd64 ok
io.containerd.snapshotter.v1 overlayfs linux/amd64 ok
io.containerd.snapshotter.v1 zfs linux/amd64 skip
io.containerd.metadata.v1 bolt - ok
io.containerd.differ.v1 walking linux/amd64 ok
io.containerd.gc.v1 scheduler - ok
io.containerd.service.v1 introspection-service - ok
io.containerd.service.v1 containers-service - ok
io.containerd.service.v1 content-service - ok
io.containerd.service.v1 diff-service - ok
io.containerd.service.v1 images-service - ok
io.containerd.service.v1 leases-service - ok
io.containerd.service.v1 namespaces-service - ok
io.containerd.service.v1 snapshots-service - ok
io.containerd.runtime.v1 linux linux/amd64 ok
io.containerd.runtime.v2 task linux/amd64 ok
io.containerd.monitor.v1 cgroups linux/amd64 ok
io.containerd.service.v1 tasks-service - ok
io.containerd.internal.v1 restart - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 containers - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 content - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 diff - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 events - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 healthcheck - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 images - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 leases - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 namespaces - ok
io.containerd.internal.v1 opt - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 snapshots - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 tasks - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 version - ok
io.containerd.grpc.v1 cri linux/amd64 ok
[root@containerd ~]#

顶级配置块下面的子配置块表示该插件的各种配置,比如 cri 插件下面就分为 containerd、cni 和 registry 的配置,而 containerd 下面又可以配置各种 runtime,还可以配置默认的 runtime。比如现在我们要为镜像配置一个加速器,那么就需要在 cri 配置块下面的 registry 配置块下面进行配置 registry.mirrors

注意缩进:

[root@containerd ~]#vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
endpoint = ["https://kvuwuws2.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."k8s.gcr.io"]
endpoint = ["https://registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio"]
  • registry.mirrors."xxx": 表示需要配置 mirror 的镜像仓库,例如 registry.mirrors."docker.io" 表示配置 docker.io 的 mirror。
  • endpoint: 表示提供 mirror 的镜像加速服务,比如我们可以注册一个阿里云的镜像服务来作为 docker.io 的 mirror。

🍀 注意:contanerd镜像加速

image-20230910085422551

🍀 另外在默认配置中还有两个关于存储的配置路径:

root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"

其中 root 是用来保存持久化数据,包括 Snapshots, Content, Metadata 以及各种插件的数据,每一个插件都有自己单独的目录,Containerd 本身不存储任何数据,它的所有功能都来自于已加载的插件。

而另外的 state 是用来保存运行时的临时数据的,包括 sockets、pid、挂载点、运行时状态以及不需要持久化的插件数据。

到此,关于containerd安装结束!

5、追加2:将 containerd 的 cgroup driver 配置为 systemd

对于使用 systemd 作为 init system 的 Linux 的发行版,使用 systemd 作为容器的 cgroup driver 可以确保节点在资源紧张的情况更加稳定,所以推荐将 containerd 的 cgroup driver 配置为 systemd。

修改方法:

修改前面生成的配置文件 /etc/containerd/config.toml,在 plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options 配置块下面将 SystemdCgroup 设置为 true

#通过搜索SystemdCgroup进行定位
vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
...
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
SystemdCgroup = true
....

#注意:最终输出shell命令:
sed -i "s/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/g" /etc/containerd/config.toml

备注:

如果 linux 系统使用 systemd 初始化系统,初始化进程会生成一个 root cgroup,每个 systemd unit 都将会被分配一个cgroup,同样可以配置容器运行时如 containerd 选择使用 cgroupfs 或 systemd 作为 cgroup 驱动,containerd 默认使用的是 cgroupfs,但对于使用了 systemd 的 linux 发行版来说就同时存在两个 cgroup 管理器,对于该服务器上启动的容器使用的是cgroupfs,而对于其他 systemd 管理的进程使用的是 systemd,这样在服务器资源负载高的情况下可能会变的不稳定。因此对于使用了 systemd 的 linux 系统,推荐将容器运行时的 cgroup 驱动使用 systemd。

6、启动containerd服务

现在我们就可以启动 containerd 了,直接执行下面的命令即可:

[root@containerd ~]#systemctl daemon-reload
[root@containerd ~]#systemctl restart containerd

7、验证

启动完成后就可以使用 containerd 的本地 CLI 工具 ctrcrictl 了,比如查看版本:

~ ctr version
~ crictl version

FAQ

注意:libseccomp-devel.x86_64和libseccomp.x86_64 2个软件包有什么区别?

01.老师亲自实战安装的是libseccomp-devel.x86_64软件,但文档上提供的是libseccomp.x86_64软件,2者实验都是没问题的; 02.自己最后建议按文档上的来吧,自己也是按文档上的来吧,也就是说使用yum install -y libseccomp.x86_64即可!

[root@containerd ~]#yum search libseccomp Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

  • base: mirrors.aliyun.com
  • extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
  • updates: mirrors.aliyun.com ======================================================================== N/S matched: libseccomp ======================================================================== libseccomp-devel.i686 : Development files used to build applications with libseccomp support libseccomp-devel.x86_64 : Development files used to build applications with libseccomp support libseccomp.i686 : Enhanced seccomp library libseccomp.x86_64 : Enhanced seccomp library

Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything. [root@containerd ~]#

注意:如果有配置config.toml文件,一定要记得先reload一下配置文件,再重启服务

#配置完成后记得重启下containerd
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart containerd

注意:containerd的k8s集群,pod跨节点请求出现了点问题

master1上无法访问其他节点pod,但在pod所在节点上可以访问:

[root@node2 ~]#curl http://10.244.2.5
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

这个问题好无语啊。。。。感觉像是flannel插件哪里出问题了。。。。。

跨节点也是ping测试失败的。。。。

master节点上没有cni0,以及flannel.1地址:

我重建下allnode的flannel pod,再尝试一次:

重建flannel pod后发现master1上出现了flannel.1地址:

此时再次测试,观看效果:

ping测试,跨节点也是没有任何问题的;

curl测试nginx也是没问题的:

结论:

注意:老师重建flannel网络命令

ifconfig cni0 down && ip link delete cni0 ifconfig flannel.1 down && ip link delete flannel.1

输出脚本

2021-10-31更新脚本:

cd /root/
yum install libseccomp -y

wget https://download.fastgit.org/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.5.5/cri-containerd-cni-1.5.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -C / -xzf cri-containerd-cni-1.5.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

sed -i "s/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/g" /etc/containerd/config.toml

# 将 containerd 的 cgroup driver 配置为 systemd,需要手动配置!

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable containerd --now

cri version
crictl version

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总结

好了,关于centos7上containerd的安装实验就到这里了,感谢大家阅读,最后贴上我的美圆photo一张,祝大家生活快乐,每天都过的有意义哦,我们下期见!